How to fix “DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL”. Step-by-Step Guide

Comprehensive Guide to Fixing Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) Errors in Windows

The Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is a critical error screen displayed by Windows when the system encounters a severe issue. This guide provides step-by-step instructions to troubleshoot and resolve BSOD errors.

TLDR to Resolve BSOD Errors

1. Identify Recent Changes
   • Review any new hardware or software installations.
   • Uninstall recent additions to determine if they cause the issue.
2. Boot Into Safe Mode
   • Restart your computer and press F8 (or follow the steps for newer Windows versions) before Windows loads.
   • Select “Safe Mode” to load the system with minimal drivers.
3. Update or Roll Back Drivers
   • Open Device Manager.
   • Identify devices with warning symbols.
   • Update or roll back drivers as appropriate.
4. Run Windows Memory Diagnostic
   • Press Windows + R, type “mdsched.exe”, and press Enter.
   • Choose to restart and check for problems.
5. Check for Corrupt System Files
   • Open Command Prompt as an administrator.
   • Run “sfc /scannow” to scan and repair system files.
6. Scan for Malware
   • Use reputable antivirus software to perform a full system scan.
   • Remove any detected threats.
7. Check for Overheating and Hardware Issues
   • Ensure proper ventilation and clean internal components.
   • Use hardware diagnostic tools to check for failing components.
8. Perform a System Restore or Reset
   • Access System Restore from the Control Panel or Windows Settings.
   • Choose a restore point prior to the issue’s occurrence.
   • If problems persist, consider a system reset.

Step 1: Identify Recent Changes

When troubleshooting the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error, it’s crucial to assess any recent modifications to your system. Such changes can often be the root cause of this issue.

1. Review Recent Software Installations and Updates

• New Software: Reflect on any new applications you’ve installed recently. Some programs might introduce drivers or services that conflict with existing system components.
• Windows Updates: Determine if the error coincided with a recent Windows update. Occasionally, updates can inadvertently cause compatibility issues.
• Driver Updates: Consider if you’ve updated any hardware drivers lately. While updates aim to improve performance, they can sometimes introduce instability.

2. Assess Recent Hardware Changes

• New Hardware: If you’ve added new hardware components, such as a graphics card or external device, ensure they’re properly installed and compatible with your system.
• Peripheral Devices: Disconnect any new external devices to see if the error persists. Sometimes, peripherals can cause driver conflicts.

3. Utilize System Restore Points

Windows offers a feature called System Restore, which allows you to revert your system to a previous state before specific changes were made.

1. Press the Windows key + R to open the Run dialog box.
2. Type rstrui.exe and press Enter.
3. Follow the prompts to choose a restore point dated before the onset of the error.

4. Check for Driver Conflicts

Conflicting drivers can be a primary cause of the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error.

1. Press Windows key + X and select Device Manager.
2. Look for devices marked with a yellow exclamation mark, indicating issues.
3. Right-click on the problematic device and select Properties.
4. Under the Driver tab, you can choose to Roll Back Driver if the option is available, or Update Driver to see if a newer version resolves the issue.

By meticulously reviewing recent changes and utilizing built-in Windows tools, you can effectively identify and address the root causes of the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error.

Step 2: Boot Into Safe Mode

When addressing the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error, booting into Safe Mode is a valuable diagnostic step. Safe Mode starts Windows with a minimal set of drivers and services, which can help determine if background processes are causing the issue.

Methods to Boot into Safe Mode

1. From Windows Settings

1. Press Windows key + I to open Settings.
2. Navigate to Update & Security.
3. Select Recovery from the left pane.
4. Under Advanced startup, click Restart now.
5. After the system restarts, choose Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart.
6. Upon reboot, select option 4 or press F4 to start in Safe Mode. For internet access, choose option 5 or press F5 for Safe Mode with Networking.

2. Using the Sign-In Screen

1. On the sign-in screen, hold the Shift key and select Power > Restart.
2. After restarting, navigate to Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart.
3. Once the system restarts, choose option 4 or press F4 for Safe Mode. For network capabilities, select option 5 or press F5.

3. If Windows Fails to Start

1. Turn on your computer. As Windows attempts to boot, press and hold the power button for 10 seconds to force a shutdown.
2. Repeat this process two more times. On the third startup, Windows will enter the Windows Recovery Environment (WinRE).
3. In WinRE, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > Startup Settings > Restart.
4. After restarting, select option 4 or press F4 to boot into Safe Mode. For internet access, choose option 5 or press F5.

By booting into Safe Mode, you can determine if the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error is due to third-party applications or drivers. If the error doesn’t occur in Safe Mode, it’s likely that a non-essential service or driver is the culprit.

For a visual guide on entering Safe Mode in Windows 11, you might find this video helpful:

Step 3: Update or Roll Back Drivers

Addressing the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error often involves managing your system’s drivers. Depending on the situation, updating to the latest driver version or rolling back to a previous one can resolve the issue.

Updating Drivers

Outdated drivers can cause system instability. Here’s how to update them:

1. Press Windows key + X and select Device Manager.
2. Expand the category of the device you’re targeting (e.g., Network adapters).
3. Right-click the specific device and choose Update driver.
4. Select Search automatically for drivers. Windows will search for and install any available updates.

If Windows doesn’t find a new driver, consider visiting the device manufacturer’s website for the latest version. Always ensure compatibility with your system to prevent further issues.

Rolling Back Drivers

If the error began after a recent driver update, reverting to the previous version might help:

1. Open Device Manager as described above.
2. Locate and double-click the problematic device to open its properties.
3. Navigate to the Driver tab.
4. Click Roll Back Driver. If this option is grayed out, a previous version isn’t available, and you’ll need to manually install an older driver.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions and restart your computer if prompted.

Using Driver Management Tools

For streamlined driver updates and rollbacks, consider using dedicated software solutions. Tools like
EaseUS DriverHandy
can simplify the process by automatically scanning for outdated or problematic drivers and providing options to update or roll them back as needed.

By carefully managing your system’s drivers, you can effectively address the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error and maintain overall system stability.

Step 4: Run Windows Memory Diagnostic

Memory issues can lead to system errors, including the DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL error. To check for memory problems, utilize the built-in Windows Memory Diagnostic tool.

Launching Windows Memory Diagnostic

1. Save all work and close any open applications.
2. Press the Windows key + R to open the Run dialog box.
3. Type mdsched.exe and press Enter.
4. In the dialog that appears, select Restart now and check for problems (recommended).

Your computer will restart, and the tool will begin checking your system’s memory for errors.

Understanding the Diagnostic Process

Upon reboot, the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool will run a series of tests. By default, it performs a standard test, but you can access more options:

• Press F1 to access the options menu.
• Use the arrow keys to navigate through the following settings:
  • Test Mix: Choose between Basic, Standard, or Extended tests.
  • Cache: Select the cache setting for each test.
  • Pass Count: Determine how many times the tests will run.
• After configuring the settings, press F10 to apply and start the test.

The diagnostic may take some time, depending on the selected options and your system’s memory size. Once completed, your computer will restart, and the test results will be displayed after logging in.

Interpreting the Results

If the diagnostic tool detects memory errors, it’s advisable to test each memory module individually to identify the faulty one. Ensure your system is powered off and unplugged before removing or reseating memory modules. If you’re not comfortable performing this, consult a professional technician.

Addressing memory issues promptly can prevent further system instability and potential data loss.

Step 5: Check for Corrupt System Files

Corrupted system files can cause various issues, including system instability and application failures. To identify and repair these files, Windows provides built-in tools: the System File Checker (SFC) and the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool.

Running the System File Checker (SFC)

1. Open the Command Prompt with administrative privileges:
   • Press Win + S, type cmd, right-click on Command Prompt, and select Run as administrator.
2. In the Command Prompt window, type the following command and press Enter:

   sfc /scannow

3. Wait for the scan to complete. The tool will automatically repair any detected issues. This process may take some time, depending on your system’s configuration.

Running the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) Tool

If the SFC tool doesn’t resolve the issues, proceed with the DISM tool:

1. Open the Command Prompt with administrative privileges, as described above.
2. Type the following command and press Enter:

   DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth

3. Allow the process to complete without interruption. This operation may take several minutes.
4. After completion, it’s advisable to run the SFC scan again to ensure all issues are resolved.

Understanding the Importance of Regular System Maintenance

Regularly checking for and repairing corrupted system files is crucial for maintaining system stability and performance. As an IT professional, I’ve encountered numerous cases where routine maintenance prevented significant system failures. Incorporating these checks into your regular system upkeep can save time and prevent potential issues.

Additional Resources

For more detailed information, refer to Microsoft’s official documentation on using the System File Checker tool to repair missing or corrupted system files.
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For a visual guide on these procedures, you might find the following video helpful:

By following these steps, you can effectively identify and repair corrupted system files, ensuring your Windows operating system remains stable and efficient.

Step 6: Scan for Malware

Malware can significantly compromise your system’s performance and security. Regularly scanning your computer for malicious software is essential to maintain its health. Here’s how you can perform a thorough malware scan:

Using Windows Security

Windows Security, formerly known as Windows Defender, is an integrated antivirus solution in Windows 10 and 11. To utilize it:

1. Click on the Start menu and type Windows Security.
2. Select Virus & threat protection.
3. Click on Quick scan to perform a basic scan. For a more comprehensive check, choose Scan options and select Full scan.

Expert Tip: If you suspect deeply embedded malware, consider running a Microsoft Defender Offline scan. This feature restarts your computer and scans for threats outside the standard Windows environment, increasing the chances of detection. To initiate this:

1. In the Scan options, select Microsoft Defender Offline scan.
2. Click Scan now. Your system will restart, and the offline scan will commence automatically.

Employing Third-Party Antivirus Software

While Windows Security provides robust protection, supplementing it with reputable third-party antivirus programs can offer an additional layer of security. One such trusted tool is Malwarebytes, known for its effectiveness in detecting and removing various malware types.

Personal Experience: In my years of system maintenance, I’ve found that running both Windows Security and Malwarebytes ensures comprehensive protection. There have been instances where one tool detected threats that the other missed, highlighting the importance of a multi-faceted approach.

Regular Scanning Routine

Establishing a routine is crucial:

• Quick Scan: Perform this daily to catch immediate threats.
• Full Scan: Schedule this weekly to ensure no malware is lurking in less-accessed areas of your system.

Consistency in scanning helps in early detection and prevention of potential threats.

Additional Security Measures

Beyond regular scans, consider the following practices:

• Keep Your System Updated: Ensure that your operating system and all software are up-to-date to patch vulnerabilities.
• Be Cautious with Downloads: Only install software from trusted sources to minimize the risk of malware infection.
• Use a VPN: A Virtual Private Network encrypts your internet connection, adding a layer of security, especially on public Wi-Fi networks.
  NordVPN
  is a reliable option to consider.

By adhering to these practices, you can significantly reduce the risk of malware infections and maintain a secure computing environment.

Step 7: Check for Overheating and Hardware Issues

Overheating and hardware malfunctions can significantly affect your computer’s performance and longevity. As an expert in system diagnostics, I recommend the following steps to identify and address these issues:

Signs of Overheating

• Unexpected system shutdowns or restarts.
• Frequent blue screen errors.
• Excessive fan noise indicating high-speed operation.
• Reduced system performance or sluggishness.
• System feels hot to the touch, especially near the CPU area.

Monitoring System Temperatures

To effectively monitor your system’s temperature, consider using specialized software tools. These applications provide real-time data on various hardware components:

• Core Temp: Offers detailed CPU temperature readings.
• HWMonitor: Provides comprehensive monitoring of system temperatures, voltages, and fan speeds.
• SpeedFan: Allows temperature monitoring and fan speed control.

Regular monitoring can help you identify abnormal temperature spikes that may indicate underlying issues.

Preventive Measures and Solutions

1. Ensure Proper Ventilation: Place your computer on a hard, flat surface to prevent airflow obstruction. Avoid using laptops on soft surfaces like beds or couches that can block vents.
2. Clean Internal Components: Over time, dust accumulation can hinder airflow and cooling efficiency. Periodically clean your computer’s interior, especially fans and heat sinks, using compressed air to remove dust buildup.
3. Verify Fan Functionality: Ensure all cooling fans are operational. A malfunctioning fan can lead to inadequate cooling and overheating.
4. Reapply Thermal Paste: The thermal interface material between the CPU and its cooler can degrade over time. Reapplying high-quality thermal paste can improve heat transfer and cooling efficiency.
5. Manage Running Processes: Close unnecessary applications and background processes to reduce CPU load and heat generation. Utilizing system optimization tools can assist in managing these processes effectively.

Expert Advice

In my experience, one common oversight is neglecting the computer’s environment. Ensure your workspace is cool and well-ventilated. Additionally, consider investing in additional cooling solutions, such as laptop cooling pads or additional case fans for desktops, to enhance airflow and heat dissipation.

Recommended Tools

For maintaining optimal system performance and preventing overheating, consider using system optimization and driver update tools. These can help manage system resources efficiently and ensure hardware components operate correctly:

• EaseUS DriverHandy: Easily scan, update, and fix your PC’s drivers to ensure hardware components function correctly.
• MiniTool ShadowMaker: Provides system backup solutions to safeguard your data against potential hardware failures.

By proactively monitoring and maintaining your system’s hardware, you can prevent overheating issues and extend the lifespan of your computer components.

Step 8: Perform a System Restore or Reset

When troubleshooting persistent system issues, performing a System Restore or System Reset can be effective solutions. Here’s a detailed guide on how to execute these procedures:

System Restore

System Restore allows you to revert your computer’s state to a previous point in time, undoing recent system changes that might have caused issues. This process affects system files, installed applications, and registry settings, but does not impact your personal files.

1. Press the Win + R keys to open the Run dialog box.
2. Type rstrui.exe and press Enter.
3. In the System Restore window, click Next.
4. Select a restore point from the list. If you don’t see the desired restore point, check the Show more restore points option.
5. Click Next, then Finish to confirm. Your system will restart to apply the restore point.

Note: Ensure that System Restore is enabled on your system. If it’s turned off, you’ll need to enable it and create restore points manually. For more detailed instructions, refer to Microsoft’s official guide on

System Restore
.

System Reset

If System Restore doesn’t resolve the issue, you might consider performing a System Reset. This process reinstalls Windows and allows you to choose whether to keep your personal files or remove everything.

1. Open the Settings app by pressing Win + I.
2. Navigate to Update & Security > Recovery.
3. Under the Reset this PC section, click Get started.
4. Choose either Keep my files or Remove everything, depending on your preference.
5. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete the reset process.

Expert Tip: Before performing a System Reset, it’s advisable to back up your important data to an external drive or cloud storage to prevent any potential data loss. Additionally, ensure your device is plugged into a power source during the reset process to avoid interruptions.

For a visual walkthrough, you might find this video tutorial helpful:

By following these steps, you can effectively restore or reset your system to resolve persistent issues.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the Blue Screen of Death (BSOD)?

The BSOD is a critical error screen displayed by Windows when the system encounters a fatal error it cannot recover from, often leading to a system crash. This can be caused by hardware failures, driver conflicts, corrupt system files, or software problems.
[Source]

What are common causes of BSOD errors?

Common causes include:

• Faulty hardware components, such as RAM or hard drives
• Overheating components
• Driver conflicts or corruption
• Software incompatibilities
• Malware infections
• Corrupt system files

[Source]

How can I troubleshoot a BSOD error?

To troubleshoot a BSOD error:

1. Remove any new hardware.
2. Start your PC in safe mode.
3. Check the Device Manager for issues.
4. Ensure sufficient free space on the hard drive.
5. Install the latest Windows updates.

[Source]

Can malware cause a BSOD?

Yes, malware can cause BSODs by corrupting critical system files, leading to instability and crashes. Running a thorough malware scan can help identify and remove malicious software that may be causing the issue.
[Source]

Is it safe to perform a system restore to fix a BSOD?

Performing a system restore can be an effective way to revert your system to a previous state before the BSOD occurred. This can help undo recent changes that might have caused the issue. However, it’s important to back up important data before proceeding, as a system restore can affect installed applications and system settings.
[Source]

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